It slows melanin production, calms inflammation and fights acne bacteria, which makes it a favorite for dark marks, rosacea and breakouts.
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How strong the evidence is for each job. More dots means more and better studies.
It inhibits tyrosinase. In a 329-person trial, 20% cream performed about as well as 4% hydroquinone for melasma.
The FDA approved 15% azelaic acid for papulopustular rosacea in 2002. It dampens several inflammation pathways.
It fights acne bacteria and gently slows the buildup of cells that clog pores.
Side effects are usually mild, brief stinging, burning or itching, and the review reports no sun sensitivity.
Simplified, but true to how the research explains it.
Prescription strengths have the most research behind them. Lower-strength products exist but are less studied.
Stacking acids raises the chance of irritation.
It can sting more on broken skin. Repair first.
Start with clean, dry skin.
Spread it over the whole area, not just spots.
Follow with moisturizer, and sunscreen in the morning.
The melasma trial ran for months, so give it time.
Often, at first. Mild stinging, burning or itching is the most common side effect and usually fades as skin adjusts.
The review reports no photosensitivity. You should still wear sunscreen, especially when treating dark spots.
In a large melasma trial, 20% azelaic acid performed about as well as 4% hydroquinone, and it is generally considered gentler.
Topical azelaic acid is listed as pregnancy category B, and it has been studied in pregnant women with melasma. Always check with your doctor first.
Product picks are coming soon. We'll list azelaic acid products by skin type and price, with clear notes on any affiliate links.
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